Biography of Remedios Varo, Spanish Surrealist Artist

Surrealist painter Remedios Varo is best known for her canvases depicting spindly-limbed, heart-faced figures with wide eyes and wild hair. Born in Spain, Varo spent much of her young adulthood in France and eventually settled in Mexico City after fleeing there during World War II. Although never officially a member of the surrealist group, she moved in the close circle around its founder, Andrà © Breton.   Fast Facts: Remedios Varo Known For: Spanish-Mexican surrealist artist who blended the imagery of surrealism with a classical artists educationBorn: December 16, 1908 in Angles, SpainParents: Rodrigo Varo y Zajalvo and Ignacia Uranga BergarecheDied: October 8, 1963 in Mexico City, MexicoEducation: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San FernandoMediums: Painting and sculptureArt Movement: SurrealismSelected Works: Revelation or The Watchmaker (1955), Exploration of the Source of the Orinoco River (1959), Vegetarian Vampires (1962), Insomnia (1947), Allegory of Winter (1948), Embroidering the Earths Mantle (1961)Spouses: Gerardo Lizarraga, Benjamin Pà ©ret (romantic partner), Walter GruenNotable Quote: I do not wish to talk about myself because I hold very deeply the belief that what is important is the work, not the person. Early Life Remedios Varo was born Marà ­a de los Remedios Varo y Uranga in 1908 in the Girona region of Spain. As her father was an engineer, the family travelled often and never lived in one city for very long. In addition to traveling across Spain, the family spent time in Northern Africa. This exposure to world culture would eventually find its way into Varo’s art.   Raised within a strict Catholic country, Varo always found ways to rebel against the nuns who taught her in school. The spirit of rebellion against imposing authority and conformity is a theme seen throughout much of Varo’s work.   Varo’s father taught his young daughter to draw with the instruments of his trade and instilled in her an interest in rendering with precision and focus on detail, something that she would draw on throughout her life as an artist. From an early age she exhibited an unnatural talent for creating figures with personality, an aspect of her character that her parents encouraged, despite the relative lack of prospects for female artists at the time.   She entered the prestigious Academia de San Fernando in Madrid in 1923 at the age of 15. It was around the same time that the surrealist movement, founded in Paris by Andrà © Breton in 1924, made its way to Spain, where it captivated the young art student. Varo made trips to the Prado Museum and was drawn into the work of proto-surrealists like Hieronymous Bosch and Spain’s own Francisco de Goya.   An image of Spanish painter Remedios Varo, honored on an altar during the Mexican Day of the Dead celebrations. OMAR TORRES /  Getty Images While at school she met Gerardo Lizarraga, whom she married in 1930 at the age of 21, partially to escape her parents’ household. In 1932, the Second Republic of Spain was founded, the result of a bloodless coup, which deposed King Alfonso VIII. The young couple left for Paris, where they stayed a year, captivated by the city’s artistic avant-garde. When they eventually moved back to Spain, it was to the bohemian Barcelona, where they were a part of its burgeoning art scene. She would return to France a few years later.   Life in France The situation in Spain reached new heights while Varo was living in France. As a result, General Franco closed the borders to all nationals with Republican sympathies. Varo was effectively barred from returning to her family under threat of capture and torture due to her political leanings. The reality of her situation was devastating to the artist, as she began life as a political exile, a status which would define her until she died.   Though still married to Lizarraga, Varo began a relationship with the much older surrealist poet Benjamin Pà ©ret, a fixture in the surrealist circle. Varo was briefly imprisoned by the French government due to her association with the communist-leaning Pà ©ret, a ghastly experience she would never forget. Pà ©ret’s status as one of the elder surrealists (and a good friend of Breton’s), however, ensured their relationship would withstand such trials. Though never officially accepted by Breton, Varo was deeply involved with the surrealist project. Her work was included in the 1937 edition of the Surrealist journal Minataure, as well as in the International Surrealist Exhibitions in New York (1942) and Paris (1943).   Au Bonheur Des Dames (Au Bonheur Des Citoyens) (1956) by Remedios Varo. EMMANUEL DUNAND / Getty Images The Mexico Years Varo arrived in Mexico in 1941 with Pà ©ret, having escaped Nazi encroachment in France through the port of Marseilles. The emotional trials of transition made it difficult for Varo to begin painting with the same force she did in Europe, and the first few years in Mexico saw the artist focus more on writing than art. Among these writings are a series of â€Å"prank letters,† in which Varo would write to a person at random, asking him or her to visit her at a future date and time.   To earn money, she took up a series of odd jobs that centered around painting, which included costume design, advertising, and a collaboration with a friend painting wooden toys. She frequently worked with the pharmaceutical company Bayer, for which she designed advertisements.   Friendship With Leonora Carrington Varo and fellow European exile Leonora Carrington (who was born in England and also fled Europe during World War II) became close friends while in Mexico City, a friendship which can be evidenced in the clear sharing of ideas apparent in their paintings.   The two often worked collaboratively and even co-wrote several works of fiction. Hungarian photographer Kati Horna was also a close friend of the pair.   Invocacià ³n (1963) by Remedios Varo.   EMMANUEL DUNAND / Getty Images Maturity as an Artist In 1947, Benjamin Pà ©ret returned to France, leaving Varo in the romantic company of a new lover, Jean Nicolle. This entanglement did not last, however, but soon gave way to a relationship with a new man, Austrian writer and refugee Walter Gruen, whom she married in 1952 and with whom she would remain until her death.   It was not until 1955 that Varo hit her stride as an artist, as she was finally afforded a period of uninterrupted time to paint, free from the burdens of worry due to her husband’s financial stability. Along with a prolonged period of production came her mature style, for which she is known today.   Her group show in 1955 at Galerà ­a Diana in Mexico City was met by such critical success that she was quickly awarded a solo show the following year. By the time of her death she had consistently sold out her gallery shows, often before they opened to the public. After decades of emotional, physical, and financial struggle, Varo was at last able to support herself on the strength of her artwork.   Varo died unexpectedly in 1963 at the age of 55, from an apparent heart attack.   Legacy Varo’s posthumous career has been of even more repute than the brief years of flourishing she saw at the end of her life. Her work has been given many retrospectives beginning the year after her death, which was followed by retrospectives in 1971, 1984, and most recently in 2018.   Her death was lamented far beyond the close group of artists she had built around herself in exile, but extended to a world devastated to learn of the artist’s untimely death, as she no doubt had many years of creative expression left in her. Though she was never formally a part of the group, Andrà © Breton posthumously claimed her work as part of the surrealist cause, an act Varo herself may have found ironic, as she was known to disparage surrealism’s insistence on automatic production, a core tenet of Breton’s school.   The originality of her work, which combined a meticulous attention to layered and lustrous painted surfaces—a technique Varo learned in her classical painting classes back in Spain—with the deep psychological content still resonates with the world today. Sources Cara, M. (2019).  Remedios Varo’s The Juggler (The Magician). [online] Moma.org. Available at: https://www.moma.org/magazine/articles/27.Kaplan, J. (2000).  Remedios Varo: Unexpected Journeys. New York: Abbeville.Lescaze, Z. (2019).  Remedios Varo. [online] Artforum.com. Available at: https://www.artforum.com/picks/museo-de-arte-moderno-mexico-78360.Varo, R. and Castells, I. (2002).  Cartas, sueà ±os y otros textos. Mexico City: Era.

The Theory Of Morality And Justice - 995 Words

In the world of philosophy, the ideas of both morality and justice have their place amongst the ideas and theories that philosophers hold. The term â€Å"morality†, which is typically used to describe a code of conduct put in place by society with regard to having good character and doing the â€Å"right† thing as opposed to doing the â€Å"wrong† thing. The idea of morality is unique in that the ways that society places such an importance on in distinguishing between right and wrong, such as the law or etiquette, are detached from typical moral standards. Another interesting point surrounding the idea of morality is that one would assume justice is always moral, but as Thomas Nagel points out, this may not always be the case. With this in mind, I will assess Nagel’s argument that it is fair to tax those who are wealthier, more talented, luckier, etc. in order to reduce inequalities by redistributing taxes to those less fortunate. Nagel presents many exam ples of how what is morally right and wrong does not always coincide with the rules and laws set forth. One of theses examples includes the idea that even though segregation was at one point a law, it still was not morally right (Nagel 1987, 59). As the law is often based off of moral conduct, the law is often challenged and eventually changed on the basis of morality (Bernard 1). Though it is typically considered less important, the rules of etiquette are sometimes related to that of morality. Etiquette involves rules such as how peopleShow MoreRelatedCriminal Justice : Kohlberg s Morality Theory Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice: Kohlberg’s Morality Theory Introduction Human beings have strived to find ways in which they can enhance their coexistence within the societies where they live. 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Kubler Ross free essay sample

The Kubler-Ross model is based on five stages of grief. These are five emotional stages that someone can experience when faced with death or some other loss. The five stages are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. Kubler-Ross noted that these stages are not meant to be a complete list of all possible emotions that could be felt, and they can occur in any order. Reactions to loss and grief are as different as each person experiencing them. We spend different lengths of time working through each step and express each stage more or less intensely. We often move between stages before achieving a more peaceful acceptance of death. Many of us do not achieve this final stage of grief. â€Å"Many people do not experience the stages in the order listed below, which is okay. The key to understanding the stages is not to feel like you must go through every one of them, in precise order. We will write a custom essay sample on Kubler Ross or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Instead, it’s more helpful to look at them as guides in the grieving process — it helps you understand and put into context where you are. † Denial —One of the first reactions to follow a loss or news of an impending loss is Denial. What this means is that the person is trying to shut out the reality or magnitude of their situation. It is a defence mechanism that buffers the immediate shock. We block out the words and hide from the facts. This is a temporary response that carries us through the first wave of pain. Anger — As the effects of denial begin to wear, reality and its pain re-emerge. We are not ready Because of anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to misplaced feelings of rage and envy. Anger can manifest itself in different ways. People can be angry with themselves, or with others, and especially those who are close to them. Anger may be directed at our dying or deceased loved one. Rationally, we know the person is not to be blamed. Emotionally, however, we may resent the person for causing us pain or for leaving us. We feel guilty for being angry, and this makes us even more angry. It is important to remain detached and nonjudgmental when dealing with a person experiencing anger from grief. Bargaining — The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow undo or avoid a cause of grief. The normal reaction to feelings of helplessness and vulnerability is often a need to regain control. Secretly, we may make a deal with God or a higher power in an attempt to postpone the inevitable. This is a weaker line of defence to protect us from the painful reality. Psychologically, the individual is saying, I understand I will die, but I am not ready, if I could just do something to buy more time†¦ People facing less serious trauma can bargain or seek to negotiate a compromise. For example Can we still be friends? when facing a break-up. Bargaining rarely provides a sustainable solution, especially if it is a matter of life or death. Depression —The grieving person begins to understand the lack of control over the situation. Much like the existential concept of The Void, the idea of living becomes pointless. Things begin to lose meaning to the griever. Because of this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and sullen. This process allows the grieving person to disconnect from things of love and affection, possibly in an attempt to avoid further trauma. It is natural to feel sadness, regret, fear, and uncertainty when going through this stage. Feeling these emotions shows that the person has begun to accept the situation. Acceptance — In this last stage, individuals begin to come to terms with what has happened or what will happen. This typically comes with a calm, retrospective view for the individual, and a stable mindset but reaching this stage of mourning is a gift not afforded to everyone. Death may be sudden and unexpected or we may never see beyond our anger or denial. This phase is marked by withdrawal and calm. This is not a period of happiness and must be distinguished from depression. Coping with loss is a ultimately a deeply personal and singular experience — nobody can help you go through it more easily or understand all the emotions that you’re going through. But others can be there for you and help comfort you through this process. The best thing you can do is to allow yourself to feel the grief as it comes over you. Resisting it only will prolong the natural process of healing.

Las Vegas Sands Corporation

Executive Summary Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Las Vegas Sands Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More History Las Vegas Sands Corporation was formerly called Sands Hotel in the early years of 1970s, Adelson and his partners acquired Sands hotel in the year of 1989 at a cost of more than $ 800 million. A year after the acquisition of Sand Hotel, Adelson and his partners opened the Sands Expo and Conventional Centre from the profits generated by the Sands Hotel. In the year 1996, stiff competition from other hotels in Las Vegas Strip forced Sands Hotel to seek for new markets in Venice, which had less competition and a more serene environment (Sands 2). Traditionally, hotels used to keep few guest rooms; the main aim was to encourage guests to spend more time in casinos and bar lodge, however, Las Vegas Sands Hotels had more hotel rooms, which were furnished with gorgeous furniture, large screen tele visions, and big workspace, this created a paradigm in Las Vegas hospitality industry. In the year of 2004, Las Vegas Sands Incorporation saw a potential market in Asia and opened a branch at Macao; this branch was branded Sands Macao. In the same year, Las Vegas Incorporation was renamed to Las Vegas Sand Corporation in 2004 (Sands 2). In the year of 2008, there was a global financial crisis, which at some point saw Las Vegas Sands Corp. loss $ 1,000 per second, and its stock fell by 57 % within a period of 52 weeks. In the year 2009, the hotel opened a new branch branded Sands Casino Resort in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. In the year of 2010, Las Vegas Sand opened Marina Bay Sands in Singapore; Singapore had a stiff competition from other hotels, however, Marina Bay Sands posted an operating profit of $ 600 million in the first 8 months after commencing its business.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the beginning of the year of 2012, Las Vegas Sands opened a branch called sands Cotai Central in Macao. Currently Las Vegas Sands investigates the possibility of growing to other countries such as Spain, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, India, Madrid, Thailand, and South Korea (Sands 4). Products offered Las Vegas Sands Corp. offers quite a wide range of products and services to its customers; these products and services include accommodation, bars, entertainment, shopping, and dinning. Las Vegas Sands Corp. has build an air strip which holds ninety Boeing and 747 jumbo jets, exhibition centers in Asia which can hold 15,000 people, and a 550,000 square foot gambling casino. Additionally, the Sand Casino Resort in Bethlehem provides a perfect gaming centre, Sands Sky Park offers a lush vegetation, several restaurants, infinity swimming pool, conference rooms, and observation deck, and lastly Marina Bay Sands has an Art Science Museum, which is lotus-inspired (Sa nds 4). Size Las Vegas Sands Corp. has grown to a big empire, its size can be estimated by the use of the financial records, its properties, and its employees. Las Vegas Sands Corp. properties in United States are two AAA Five Diamond luxury Resorts build along the Las Vegas Strip: The Palazzo and The Venetian Las Vegas. The Sands Expo is in The Palazzo and Venetian Resorts. Sands Bethlehem in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania is another property of Las Vegas Sands Corp and it occupies 126 acres, it is in United States. In Asia, Las Vegas Sands Corp. owns the Iconic Marina Bay Sands in Singapore. In China, Las Vegas Sands Corp. through its subsidiary that is, China Sands owns more properties in Macao, China. These properties include The Venetian Macao, The Sands Macao, The Plaza Macao, and Four Seasons Hotel Macao, Sands Cotai Central, Conrad, Sheraton, and Holiday Inn hotels. This shows how Las Vegas Sands hotel has grown because it has a big territory with huge markets extended to almost ea ch major tourist’s destinations to net each tourist.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Las Vegas Sands Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Target Market Market targeting involves selecting a specific class of clients, which a corporate aims its goods and services at. Las Vegas Sands Corp. targets the markets, which are romantic in nature and attract couples for their honeymoon or provide a serene relaxing environment. Las Vegas Sands Corp. targets both local and international markets; local markets are the markets in the country of its origin. The local markets and branches include Las Vegas, which is a city in America. International markets include Asia, Europe, Venice in Italy, China, Singapore, Spain, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, India, Madrid, Thailand, South Korea, Sands Expo, Sands Macao, Palazzo Las Vegas, Boulevard Las Vegas, Venetian Macao, Sands Casino Resort in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, a nd Marina Bay Sands. Competition Business competition is rivalry between two or more sellers offer the same but differentiated product or service to the market at different prices to win customers. Las Vegas Sands Corp. is facing a stiff competition from its competitors though Sands has several competitive advantages. Sands has opened numerous branches in the local and international markets, this helps the hotel in diversifying its competition risks. A company with several service and products outlets maximizes its sales in the less competitive outlets hence diversifying its competition risk. Sands hotel competitors include 7 Days Group Holdings Limited, Ameristar Casinos Incorporation. Boyd Gaming Corporation, Caesars Entertainment Corporation, Century Casinos Incorporation, China Lodging Group Limited, Choice Hotels International Incorporation, Full House Resorts Incorporation, Home Inns and Hotels Management Incorporation, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, Intercontinental Hotels Group, Isle of Capri Casinos Incorporation, The Marcus Corporation, Marriot International, Melco Crown Entertainment Limited, MGM Resorts International, Monarch Casino, and Resort Incorporation among others (Hoovers 2). Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is an exceptionally useful instrument for evaluating and making decisions for all situations affecting the business and organizations. SWOT is a short form word for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths (S), and Weaknesses (W) analyze the internal factors, which the company can control, and Opportunities (O), and Threats (T) analyze the external factors, which the company cannot control. SWOT analysis is used to audit the general position and the environment, which the company is operating in (Walker 90). It is the responsibility of the managers to supervise the process of carrying out SWOT analysis and implementation of the recommended solutions. SWOT analysis helps a company identify the main factors affecting the company’s performance but the analysis rarely provides solutions to the factors. Companies can carry out SWOT analysis regularly because it is cost effective to the company; companies do not finance for SWOT analy sis to be carried out by external firms (Walker 94). Limitations of SWOT analysis are SWOT analysis does not prioritize the factors affecting the company’s operation, the analysis does not offer solutions or alternative decisions, the analysis can produce different ideas but does not choose the best, and the analysis generates a lot of information and not all of the information is useful to the company (Griffin 2). Las Vegas Sands Corp. has strength over the main market position in the tourism and hospitality industry. Las Vegas Sands Corp. faces no significant new competition up to the mid-decade within Asia and Las Vegas (Griffin 3). The Sands is best placed to exploit expansion opportunities in the Asia, with a leading position in Singapore (about 50% of market share) and a sturdy competitive position in China (about 15% of market share) (Sands). The Sands has a sturdy economic command, it possess one of the only two licenses to run casinos in Singapore and one among the s ix licenses to run casinos in China. The Sands is an excellent operator of integrated hotels that generate high returns on invested wealth, and The Sands record place it in a position to win casino gambling legalizing licenses for new markets (Sands 6).Strengths are the characters that enable a company to accomplish its mission. Strengths are the special and distinct feature, qualities, and traits that a company posses; these features give a company its consistency in service or product provision (Griffin). Strengths beneficial to a company include financial resources, human competencies, customer goodwill, products, and services, and brand loyalty. Las Vegas Sands strengths include potential financial resources, broad product line, committed human resource, and reputable public relation. Las Vegas Sands Corp. is opening new hotels in different regions in annual basis. Other strengths are main market position, strategic partnerships, and performance across segments, and increasing o perating efficiency.  Las Vegas Sands Corp. has strength of strategic partners for carrying out business together. In china markets, The Sands has partnered with sands China Limited and build The Venetian Macao, The Plaza Macao, The Sands Macao, and Four Seasons Hotel Macao, as well as the most recent addition: Sands Cotai Central, which glorifies the world’s largest Sheraton, Conrad, and Holiday Inn hotels. Strategic partnerships give Las Vegas Sands Corp. leverage in accessing a foreign market with ease because their partners are aware of the trends of the market (Sands 6). Weaknesses include the qualities that harbor a company from accomplishing its mission hence slowing the company’s success and growth (Griffin). Weaknesses in a company may be caused by inadequate research facilities, poor decision-making, thin product range, and depreciating machinery. A Las Vegas Sands Corp. weakness is the narrow product range; the corporation specializes in hotel services onl y without any outdoor services, awaiting legal actions, and high leverage (Hoovers 3). Las Vegas Sands Corp. faces the weakness of pending legal undertakings between the Sands and the United States justice department. Las Vegas Sands Corp. has several pending court cases, in one case one the Las Vegas Sands casinos was accused of money laundry by the United States justice department. The above example is one among the pending legal actions awaiting The Sands and once determined may result into a heavy fine. Heavy fines or cancellation of the casinos operating licenses may cripple the operations of The Las Vegas Sands Corporation (Sands 7). High leverage is another form of weakness faced by the Las Vegas sands Corporation. Leverage is the amount debts that a company owes. The business of gambling casino is highly risky, The Sands needs to maintain a large cash reserves to cater for the increasing risks in the market. Increasing debts results in to low profit share to the shareholders and poor payments to the employees (Sands 7). Opportunities are offered by the surroundings within which a company operates. Companies can expand their competitive advantage according to the available opportunities; a company should grasp opportunities once they arise (Griffin 4). Las Vegas Sands Corporation opportunities arise from the market, industry or government, technology, and competition. Las Vegas Sands Corp. opportunity is the increasing touring sites and tourist in the continent. Other opportunities are strategic development, growing demand for gaming in Macau, developed gaming, and resort destination in Singapore. Las Vegas Sands Corp. has an opportunity of strategic development. Strategic development is brought about by Innovation, which is an important tool for business ventures. Businesses use strategic development to exploit changes as an opportunity arises for a different business (Alpha 2). Strategy development has creative ideas that address the demand-side wants and generate products as the supply-side solutions. The operations and capability to implement the ideas effectively and regularly measure the business efficacy. The Sands has used the above ideas to grow its business by opening new branches and differentiating their services to gain the market edge (Alpha 3 ). Threats occur when the external environment jeopardize the smooth running and cash inflow of a company. The external environment cannot be controlled by the company and it relates to the weaknesses (Griffin 4 ). Threats faced by Las Vegas Sands Corporation include of threats are employees unrest, changing technology, increased competition from the other tourism and hospitality companies, world economy, and different trade laws governing different countries. Other threats are decreasing consumers spending, competitive pressures, and stringent regulations (Sands 8). Competitive pressure is a threat to Las Vegas Sands Corp (Griffin 4). Increasing competition leads to reduced op erating profits of a company because of the reduced amount of sales and cash inflows. The Sands expanded to Venice in Italy because of the stiff competition from other hotels in Las Vegas Strip (Hoovers 2). The American market, China market, and Singapore markets competition is increasing without a significant increase in the target customers. Tourism and hospitality industry all over the world is receiving new entrants, which mean the products, and services offered are of high quality (Alpha 4). Decreasing consumer spending is a threat to Las Vegas Sands Corp. because of the fluctuating economy (Griffin 4). Consumer spending is measured by analyzing the movement of goods from several sellers to the customers in a certain market. Companies in the tourism and hospitality industry are experiencing a reduction in the purchasing power of consumers. This has affected the total turnover of Las Vegas Sands Corporation, a reduced turnover results in to losses on the part of the company. Las Vegas Sands Corp. has retrenched a total of 485 employees in the last two months because of increased debts and operating expenses (Alpha 3 ). In my own view, Las Vegas Sands Corporation has a potential of expanding its territories and diversify its market risk more despite its increased leverage. The corporation has a competitive advantage over some of its competitors, this because of its management’s ability to make effective decisions about their new target markets that turn out to be a great success once ventured. Las Vegas Corporation has made effective use of the SWOT analysis in making the most crucial decision. However, The Sands needs to reduce the rate of growth and allow the already constructed resorts and hotels gain a larger market share and win customer loyalty from its customers. Works Cited Alpha, Seeking. Las Vegas Sands: Macau Results Could be a Mixed Bag. 2012. Web. Griffin, Ricky. SWOT Analysis: A Tool for Making Better Decisions. New York: U.S. Departmen t of Agriculture, Risk Management Agency. 2008. Print. Hoovers. Las Vegas Sands Corporation Competitors. 2012. Web. Sands. Brief History of the Sands. 2012. Web. Walker, John. Introduction to Hospitality Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. This term paper on Las Vegas Sands Corporation was written and submitted by user GorillaMan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The differences between Shia and Sunni Essay Example

The differences between Shia and Sunni Essay Example The differences between Shia and Sunni Paper The differences between Shia and Sunni Paper I. The differences between Shia and Sunni A. History The struggle within Islam arose after Prophet Muhammad died in A.D. 632. When the Prophet died, the followings of Muhammad could nt hold on the issue of who should go the first calif after Muhammad. One group, subsequently know as Shia, insisted that the Prophet had already picked that Ali will be first Imam after him ( Eckman 31 ) . This means the Prophet intended that calif should go on within the Prophet s lineage. So, they admired Ali, who was the Prophet s cousin and hubby of the Prophet s girl, Fatima to be the first 1 ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . While another group, subsequently known as Sunni, claimed that the Prophet had left this issue to them, his followings, to make up ones mind whether who should go the first calif. Sunni selected Abu Bakr, the Prophet s male parent in jurisprudence, to go first Imam. This unresolved issue led to a civil war between Sunni and Shia for many old ages. As a consequence, Abu Bakr won and became the first Imam ( Eckman 31 ) . After Bakr died, there were 2 more Imams, Umar and Uthman, before Sunni decide to choose Ali to go the calif ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . But, Shia did non accept this determination and refused to fall in with Sunni. They continued their belief that the leaders of the Islamic universe should stay within the Prophet s household through Ali and Fatima and that they recognized Ali to be the first Imam ( Abdulwaheed 30 ) . After Ali died, Shia believed that there were 11 more Imams after Ali within the Prophet s household. Unexpectedly, the 12th Imams, Al-Mahdi, disappeared after he became a calif for a few yearss. Shia refused to accept that Mahdi had died, but they insisted that he really hid himself and he will return one twenty-four hours to restore a new order and Islamic jurisprudence in the Earth once more ( Eckman 32 ) . B. Theological Belief Although Shia and Sunni are Muslim, and both of them believe in the Quran and the Five Pillars, the nucleus cardinal belief of Islam, they are wholly different from each other in many ways. First, there are differences between clerical and church construction. ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . Shia Islam is seen to similar to Catholic Church in the manner that their construction of their church are both really hierarchal, while Sunni Islam are more resemble to the Protestant Church with trusting more on self-independent ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . Like Pope, Shia Imam is divinely divine and infallible in any judgements. Unlike Shia Imams, this belief does non look among Sunni ( Eckman 34 ) . The belief that Shia Imam is divinely divine came from the Shia Muslim believe Muhammad designated all 12 sucessors by name and that they inherited a particular cognition of the true significance of the Bible that was passed through the Prophet s descendent ( Dallal 27 ) . Second, Shia strongly holds the value an d the importance of the thought of sufferer and agony ( Abdulwaheed 33 ) . This thought of sufferer and agony appear and express in many of Shia s ritual and presentation while Sunni rejects to accept this thought ( Eckman 34 ) . Third, Shia and Sunni both acknowledge the thought of the terminal times harmonizing to the Quran says, but the Suuni refused to admit the thought about the Expected and Awaited Imam which is taught among Shia that he will return one twenty-four hours to vaticinate the terminal of times to his people ( Eckman 34 ) . C. Practical Differences The Shias have a different manner to make the rite to the Sunni, wudu and salat patterns performed by them differ from the 1s practiced by the Suuni, for case of Shias, brow is placed onto a piece of hard-boiled clay from Karbala, and non straight onto the supplication mat when they perform worship ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . Prayers are frequently combined by the Shias besides, and sometimes merely three ( alternatively of five ) worshipping is performed per twenty-four hours. The Shias prefer some different ahadith, particularly the 1s narrated by Ali and Fatima instead than the 1s by other comrades of the Prophet ( pbuh ) ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . The 1s narrated by Aisha are one of the least preferable due to her resistance to Ali. Shia Islam besides allowed a fixed-term impermanent matrimony called muttah which is presently prohibited by the Sunnis ( Abdulwaheed 51 ) . II. The predicament of Shia minority There are 2 chief spiritual subdivisions in Saudi Arabia which are Sunni and Shia. The bulk one is Sunni while the minority is Shia ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . Shia in Saudi Arabia consists of about 15 per centum of its whole population and they largely live in eastern portion of the state, such as, Qatif, Dammam, and Al-Hasa, the oil-riches country. ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) In 1930, when King AbdulAziz Ibn Saud found Saudi Arabia, he declared his land to be free to pattern Shia ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . But, King AbdulAziz Ibn s purpose to make free spiritual state does non truly travel into consequence. Obviously, Shias still have a really rough life as they have to confront persecution and favoritism mundane life by Saudi Sunnis who views them as treasonist and heretic ( Megalommatis 49 ) . Furthermore, in some country, Shias even have to hide their religion in secret making the ritual as they are frighten that their unrecorded might non be safe from those extremist Sunni people who hate them ( Al.Has san 16 ) . From these grounds, many Saudi Shias are really connected with Shias in Iran who portion similar belief ( Yamani 8 ) . As Saudi authorities sees this closely relationship between Iranain Shias and Saudi Shias, they perceive it as a menace to national security. Therefore, the Saudi authorities acts more suppressive to Shias than of all time. Because of the oppressive Acts of the Apostless committed by the authorities, the Saudi authorities has been universe widely recognized as the most anti-Shia authorities in the universe ( Megalommatis 49 ) . A. Religious Freedom The tenseness between Sunni and Shia in Saudi Arabia reaches its flood tide these past few old ages ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . During February 2009, Shia Pilgrims from eastern portion of Saudi Arabia came to Medina to mark the day of remembrance of the Prophet Muhammad s decease , but they were refused by the Sunni spiritual constabularies to fall in the ceremonial due to their different belief in philosophy and ritual. This brought Shia Pilgrims to clash with Sunni spiritual constabularies who were at the front gate. ( Human Right Watch 4 ) At a consequence, many Shia Muslims were wounded and captured and 3 of them died ( Yamani 7 ) . After the confrontation between Shia and Sunni spiritual constabularies, many Shias in London, Berlin and the Hugue came out and protested in forepart of Saudi consulate to name for their independency province from Saudi Arabia ( Yamani 8 ) . Since the state of affairs both in the state and outside the state became worse and worse, King Abdullah decided to let go of the spiritual captives. Still the jobs remain explosive ( Al Qudaihi 1 ) . In March 2009, Saudi Shias, populating in Qutif and Safwa, protested against unjust intervention by its authorities. Many of them were arrested and detained for many months ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . In May, June and July 2009, the governments were ordered by Eastern Province governor to shut down private halls and besides imprison many Shias in Kholar and Ahsa because they had in secret pattern spiritual activities where it banned by the authorities ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . In April 2010 in Khobar, Eastern Saudi Arabia, a Shia English instructor, Hussan Al Makki, was arrested by Intelligence Administration force. Makki was charged of go againsting the authorities s prohibition to pattern any Shia rite. Furthermore, there were other 3 people that were arrested on the same charge as Makki ( Rasid News Network 28 ) . Although Shia s ritual and public jubilation of their spiritual events are considere d illegal to execute, but Shias still continue to pattern both publically and in secret. ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) .Moreover, Shias mosques are forced to close down often. Harmonizing to the Saudi jurisprudence, to open the mosque, it has to acquire a licence from authorities foremost. It is frequently the instance that the authorities will non allow this licence, peculiarly, to Shia mosque. Therefore, it becomes a common and legal thing for the Saudi authorities to close down the Shia mosque under the charge of non holding licence to run ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) . In add-on, the authorities besides restricts on how Shia can construct their house. The authorities prohibits the Shia from holding cellar within their house because the authorities does non desire Shias to turn it into supplication hall, Hussueniyas ( Jafariya News 47 ) . Up to today, the authorities does non let publication of Shia spiritual books, it blocks their web sites, and does non let them any look in the public media. ( Human Rights First Society 38 ) . Many spiritual books, used in universities for classs, disrespect Shia at all by utilizing bad and humbling words to depict them and even mentioning them as Rafuda which means rejectionists of faith. ( Al.Hassan 13 ) . B. Education Not merely Shias are limited the right to pattern spiritual freedom, but besides in instruction ( Human Right Watch 5 ) . From the statistic, there are merely 7 Shia schoolmasters out of 319 male child schools and no Shia headmistress in miss schools at all in Eastern Province where bulk of Shias live. Besides King Faisal University, where its headquarter located at Ahsa in Eastern Province, is consisted of merely 7 professors out of 287 professors ( Human Rights First Society 37 ) . Furthermore, any private schools or babys rooms operated by Shia people are non allowed be opened. ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . Shia s theological belief is non allowed in Teach in school ( Human Right Watch 6 ) . Furthermore, in the school, it becomes a normal thing that many Sunni instructors publically condemn and look down on Shia pupils sing them as heretic ( Wikipedia 12 ) . Dr. Mohamed J. Al.Hassan, a professor at King Saud University, one time said that his girl was insulted by Sunni instructor and he call ed the school to name for justness by firing the instructor, but nil happened to the instructor. Furthermore, some extremist people saw that the instructor should hold done more than that ( Al.Hassan 18 ) . But this can non merely be blamed on those instructors themselves. As throughout of the instructors lives, they have been brainwashed to detest and diss Shia Muslims so when they become a instructor, they will go through their belief to their childs. This will go on from coevals to coevals ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . Not merely Shia pupils are insulted by Sunni instructors, but even Shia instructors or professors are besides insulted by Sunni pupils every bit good ( Al.Hassan 16 ) . C. Social Opportunity Socially, Shias sometimes have to conceal their religion and in secret worship to forestall them from any persecution. Furthermore Shias are ever treated as a 2nd citizen by their authorities. For illustration, the Fatima Shia of Najaran, an ancient native community, received really bad dainty from the authorities. More Than 3000 members from the community were forced to go forth their place to travel to else without any good ground ( Megalommatis 50 ) . The authorities besides limits their freedom on how Shia named their kids in order to deter them from demoing their individuality. ( Wikipedia 12 ) before tribunal where everyone claims a justness section. For illustration, Sunni justice will non let or accept the informant who is Shia. Furthermore, the tribunal Judgess any instances based on Sunni spiritual jurisprudence. Furthermore, no Saudi Shias have right to function as a justice in tribunal and besides in any high-rank place within authorities and military ( Human Right Watch 6 ) . Government passes out several edicts that encourage people with hatred, force and favoritism against Shia. Some edicts recognize Shia as illegal and non-Muslim and can non populate harmoniously with Shia. ( Al.Hassan 13 ) Other edicts claim Shia to deviate the existent significance of Islam and polytheists. ( 14 ) This type of favoritism and hatred besides widely appear on the cyberspace advancing violent and segregation against Shia. Surprisingly those violent Sunni web site are allowed to travel on while Shia website which advancing peace and integrity are blocked really fast by Saudi authorities. ( J, 25 ) Saudi Shia are out to take any senior place in Government. There are no Shia curates, diplomats, security officers, ground forces commanding officer, air force pilots, spiritual instructors, caput of authorities bureaus, Judgess, city managers, official imaums, Royal officers, caput of public company and many other senior authorities. ( Megalommatis 49 ) . III. Chemical reaction A. Shia All the Saudi Shia wants is for their authorities to esteem their individuality and handle them every bit. Yet, Saudi governments routinely treat these people with scorn and intuition. ( Human Right Watch 4 ) . Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia have been so long looking for more equality in their day-to-day life in society including freedom to idolize. They want to hold legal right to hold their ain mosque, Shia spiritual book, and besides are accepted by everyone ( Al Qudaihi 2 ) . Saudi Shias has set up a new resistance group to name for more equal intervention for their people called Khalas . This group claims that the authorities has opportunities to reform its society to be more openness toward Shia, but they are merely non willing to make it so ( Al Qudaihi 3 ) . Tawfik al-saif, a Saudi political militant, states that to stop these drawn-out struggles, the Saudi authorities should present both political and societal reforms to do Sunni and Shia much more integrate to each othe r ( Al Qudaihi 2 ) . To stop these jobs, Mai Yamani, a Saudi bookman, suggests that Saudi should alter from molithic Wahabi national individuality to be more unfastened and inclusive everyone. This means that Saudi Arabia has merely 2 picks to take either stoping favoritism against Shia and giving them their right socially and politically, or sitting down and watch them to derive their strength from foreigners and the state go decomposition ( Yamani 9 ) . Recently, King Abdullah has tried to promote Saudi people to pattern spiritual tolerance and unrecorded together peacefully, but a big figure of province establishments still commit to know apart Shias non to be able to keep any public offices ( Human Right Watch 4 ) . D. King and the Saudi authorities In 2003, Prince Abdullah began the thought to acquire both Sunni and Shia Clerics to come together for the first clip. 5 old ages subsequently, Prince Abdullah besides supported a pan-Muslim World meeting for Shia and Sunni keeping in Mecca ( Financial Times 25 ) . Since 2001, Saudi authorities stated that they have prepared to redact text editions, curricular, learning method to recommend tolerance and take dissing word from the book. Despite their effort to alter the prejudice position toward Shia, text editions used in schools still contain the words that show intolerance position toward Shia advancing force and hatred against Shia. ( Scripture Seed Foundation 42 )

IDENTIFY AND CRITICALLY EXAMINE SOME KEY POLICY Essay Example

IDENTIFY AND CRITICALLY EXAMINE SOME KEY POLICY Essay Example IDENTIFY AND CRITICALLY EXAMINE SOME KEY POLICY Essay IDENTIFY AND CRITICALLY EXAMINE SOME KEY POLICY Essay IDENTIFY AND CRITICALLY EXAMINE SOME KEY POLICY ISSUES CONCERNING PUPILS WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES Introduction The Report of the Warnock Committee in 1978 rejected the premise that all pupils with SEN could be categorised harmonizing to a set standard of disablements, presenting alternatively the construct of a continuum of particular educational demands ( Beveridge, 1999, p.6 ) . In add-on to altering the definition of student disablement, the Report besides included recommendations for an expansion of the student mark group, a safeguarding of the place of an identified minority of students, an indorsement of the policy of the integrating of students with disablement into ordinary schools and the acknowledgment of parents as spouses in educational determinations refering their children ( Copeland, 2002, p.165 ) . Many of the rules of the Warnock Report were endorsed by the 1981 Education Act and the rights of the identified minority’ of pupils were protected through a procedure of appraisal and the issue of a statement of need ( Ibid, p.167 ) . These two paperss, the Report of the Warnock Committee and the Education Act of 1981, provide the background to the current state of affairs in schools sing particular educational needs ( Copeland, 2002, p.167 ) . Particular Educational Needs The term Special Educational Needs , as conceived in the Warnock Report and echoed in the Education Act of 1981, reflects a move off from the medical theoretical account of disablements to a societal theoretical account which assesses the child’s needs harmonizing to societal, developmental and educational barriers to larning. The 1981 Education Act defined the construct by saying that a kid has particular educational demands if he has a acquisition trouble which calls for particular educational proviso to be made for him ( cited in Gordon A ; Lawton, 2003, p. 230 ) . To farther entree this construct it is necessary to specify the issues contained in it. Harmonizing to the Education Act of 1981, a kid has a acquisition trouble if he: has significantly greater trouble in larning than the bulk of kids of the same age ; has a disablement which either prevents or hinders the kid from doing usage of educational installations of a sort provided for kids of the same age in schools within the country of the local instruction authority ( cited in Florian A ; Pullin, 2000, p.17 ) . In the same subdivision of the Act, particular educational proviso is defined as educational proviso which is either extra to, or otherwise different from, the educational proviso made by and large for kids of his age in schools maintained by the LEA concerned ( cited in Copeland, 2002, p.168 ) . However, both of these descriptions are imprecise in that they are defined in relation to other issues. Whether or non a kid is diagnosed as holding a learning disablement, for illustration, depends on the perceived acquisition ability’ of his equals and the definition of educational proviso is dependent upon whatever installations are available at a given clip, and may change from school to school. In fact, most of the jobs in resourcing SEN pupils and supplying statements seem to originate out of a deficiency of lucidity in definition, or, as Copeland puts it, one perplexing yarn tallies through all the statute law from its origin: the insufficiency of the definition of the phenomenon ( 2002, p.178 ) . While this ambiguity persists, the practicality of utilizing the construct Special Educational Needs as a footing for policy remains questionable. Particular Educational Provision Despite the deficiency of lucidity in specifying larning troubles and particular educational proviso, the cardinal recommendation of Warnock’s Report, that special educational proviso be tied to an person s special educational demands , is a by and large accepted rule. However, the 1988 Education Act and execution of the National Curriculum led to concerns about its suitability and practicality †¦ in relation to kids with particular educational needs ( Lewis, 1995, p.5 ) , and about its ability to accommodate to the flexible attack, based on the acknowledgment of a wide continuity of particular demands instead than specific definitions of disability ( Russell, 1990, p.209 ) which would be in line with Warnock’s rule. Individual appraisal is acknowledged as indispensable for the planning of learning aims, it is besides the first measure in placing particular educational demands in the regular schoolroom. Fish ( 1985, p.54 ) stated that the better a school’s system for measuring and entering the advancement of all kids, the easier it will be to construct on extra processs for finding the particular educational demands of those with important larning troubles of all kinds. This demand, nevertheless, struggles with appraisal as seen in footings of the National Curriculum which tends to take the signifier of nationally prescribed tests’ and externally moderated assessments’ ; and with the government’s emphasis on scrutiny consequences as indexs of the effectivity of schools ( CERI, 1999, p.225 ) . Following studies which reported on the execution of the National Curriculum, the Department of Education and Science ( DES1992c:30, para 75 ) criticised the check-list’ attack to assessment, peculiarly in regard of particular needs pupils in regular schools ( cited in Butterfield, 1995, p.177 ) . But the National Curriculum in itself is non the merely barrier to the execution of Warnock’s rule of particular educational proviso. The other issues which need to be examined in this regard are how far the rule has been undermined by statementing a minority and by supplying unequal degrees of resourcing for the bulk. Statements The Education Act of 1981 gave the Local Education Authorities ( LEAs ) the duty of placing and measuring those kids with SEN for whom particular educational proviso would be appropriate. The subsequent determination to accept authorization for doing the excess proviso available is called a statement. These statements, so, allowed the relevant schools to entree extra resources for their pupils ( Copeland, 2002, p.168 A ; Gordon and Lawton, 2003, p. 235 ) . This theoretical account has engendered a figure of jobs, one of which is the fact that kids with statements may either hold parts of the course of study modified or may be exempted wholly from certain facets of the course of study. While alterations to the course of study could be potentially good to kids every bit long as equal agreements are made to guarantee that the alterations are suited to the child’s needs, the execution of temporary exemptions’ could good go lasting, with the kid being unable to re-enter the National Curriculum after a period of absence from it. However, The greatest anxiousness about students with particular demands will about surely lie with those who do non hold Statements †¦ and the attendant resources for any particular educational proviso to be made ( Russell, 1990, p.213 ) . The parents of these kids have less protection in that significant changes could be made in their course of study without wider professional consultation and without equal audience with the parents themselves, as temporary alterations merely require that parents are informed ( Russell, 1990, p.213, 217 ) . In add-on, schools may be less ready to inscribe them as their demands could good demand the usage of excess resources which are non available without the statement and which could so put an added fiscal load on the school ( Russell, 1990, p. 219 ) . Warnock ( cited in Copeland, 2002, p.180 ) , acknowledged that ( T ) he statement’ has been a black error. As money for instruction lessened so it became clear that little would be done to run into the demands of a kid unless he or she had a statement and so parents progressively demanded that their kid be statemented’ †¦ ( and ) local governments began to name the child’s needs to fit what they could afford . Resources One possible barrier to integrating in the 1981 Act was the demand that integrating should stand for an efficient usage of resources ( Russell 1990, p.215 ) . However, governmental cutbacks in 1980 on school outgo, a worsening birth rate and the possibility of school closings, together with the fact that no new money was made available by the authorities to implement any of the recommendations of the 1981 Act ( Florian A ; Pullin, 2000, p.17 ) meant that it fell to the LEAs to happen the necessary resources In 1988 the Education Reform Act delegated the duties for fiscal planning and budgeting to the governors of schools. While the LEAs are still responsible for funding the particular educational demands of kids with statements, this could hold important effects for the big figure of kids with particular educational demands who do non hold a statement and whose demands will hold to be met by the school out of its delegated budget ( Evans A ; Gerber, 2000, p.151 ) . Schools will hold to do important determinations about the manner in which they balance their budget and, in this economic clime, modifying or pretermiting to use parts of the national course of study could look a alluring solution ( Russell 1990, p.215 ) . Many parents of kids with particular demands are doubting about this alteration, experiencing that the enticement for governors non to fund remedial preventative services may be really great when the funding of other countries of schooling may be more noticeable and convey more awards from the parent community as a whole ( Russell, 1990, p.220 ) . Their anxiousnesss could good be justified in a programme broadcast on national telecasting in 1987 Mary Warnock warned that if integrating occurred without the proviso of equal resources, so kids with SEN would be worse off that if they remained in segregated facilities ( Hornby, Atkinson A ; Howard, 1997, p. 71 ) . Inclusive Education Given the jobs cited supra, how far can a policy of inclusive instruction meet the demands of students with larning troubles? The thought of inclusivity in instruction was foremost raised in the Charter of United Nations in 1945 with the judicial admission that every kid has a right to instruction. This construct culminated in 1994 with the sign language of the Salamanca statement on Principles, Policy and Practice in Special Needs Education. In the UK the move towards inclusion can be traced back to 1976 when statute law was passed promoting the integrating of kids with disablements into regular schools. This statute law was affirmed in the Warnock Report and in the Education Act of 1981. However, integrating was non mandated in any of these paperss and full integrating into regular schools was capable to a figure of standards ( Hornby, Atkinson A ; Howard, 1997, p.70 ) . Despite the cosmopolitan push towards inclusion in instruction the construct still provokes a great trade of contention, with some research workers depicting the many positive effects of arrangement in inclusive classes ( Heiman, 2004, p.92 ) , and others warning that widespread acceptance of inclusive theoretical accounts will take to a impairment in the instruction provided for many kids with SEN †¦ ( Hornby, Atkinson and Howard, 1997, p.68 ) . Furthermore there is ongoing argument in respect to the reading of inclusion and its execution ( Leyser A ; Kirk 2004, p.271 ) . The consequences of surveies analyzing the sentiments of parents and instructors have been every bit assorted. While many instructors acknowledged the societal and emotional benefits of inclusion, most of those who questioned the advantages of inclusion cited as their grounds the big figure of pupils in the category, budget deficits, the instructors work burden, ( and ) troubles in standardised evaluation Heiman, 2004, p.93 ) . With respect to parents, several surveies reported that parents were supportive of inclusion patterns and were satisfied with these plans and the benefits for their child ( Leyser A ; Kirk, 2004, p.272 ) . Conversely, in other surveies parents indicated that they had a figure of concerns about their kids being placed in inclusive scenes. These included inadequate instructor preparation, deficiency of appropriate support and resources and concerns about their children’s societal integrating and academic advancement ( Ibid, p.272, 273 ) . Decision The rule that particular educational proviso be tied to an individual’s particular educational demands, originating out of the Warnock Report, is still valid today. In fact, it is peculiarly relevant in position of the turning, albeit controversial, cosmopolitan tendency towards inclusive instruction for all. However, the Education Act of 1998 with its move towards a more conservative course of study, together with the deficiency of clear guidelines for supplying statements of particular instruction demands and the of all time decreasing degrees of resourcing available to the unstatemented’ bulk has put the realising of this rule in uncertainty. Mentions Beveridge, S. 1999.Particular Educational Needs in Schools. 2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. Routledge: London. Butterfield, S. 1995.Educational Aims and National Assessment.Open University Press: Buckingham. Copeland, I. 2002. Particular educational demands. In R. Aldrich ( Ed. ) .A Century ofEducation.( pp. 165-184 ) . Routledge Falmer: London. Evans, J. A ; Gerber, M.M. 2000. The altering administration of instruction and its comparative impact on particular instruction in the United Kingdom and the United States. In M.J.McLaughlin A ; M. Rouse ( Eds. ) .Particular Educationand school reform in the United States and Britain. ( pp.147-166 ) . Routledge: London. Fish, J. 1985.Particular Education: The Way Ahead. Open University Press: Milton Keynes. Florian, L. A ; Pullin, D. 2000. Specifying difference: A Comparative position on legal and policy issues in instruction reform and particular educational demands. In M.J.McLaughlin A ; M. Rouse ( Eds. ) .Particular Education and schoolreform in the United States and Britain. ( pp.11-37 ) . Routledge: London. Gordon, P. A ; Lawton, D. 2003.Dictionary of British Education. Woburn Press: London. Heiman, T. 2004. Teachers get bying with alterations: Including pupils with disablements in mainstream categories: an international position.InternationalJournal of Particular Education( 19 ) .2.91-103. Hornby, G. , Atkinson, M. A ; Howard, J. 1997.Controversial Issues in SpecialEducation.David Fulton Publishers: London. Lewis, A. 1995.Primary particular demands and the National Curriculum. 2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. Routledge: London. Leyser, Y. A ; Kirk, R. 2004. Measuring Inclusion: an scrutiny of parent positions and factors act uponing their positions. International Journal ofDisability, Development and Education( 51 ) 3. 271-285. The Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. 1999.Inclusive Educationat Work. OECD Publications: Paris Russell, P. 1990. The Education Reform Act – The Implications for Special Educational Needs. In M. Flude A ; M. Hammer ( Eds. ) .The EducationReform Act. 1988. Its beginnings and deductions. ( pp. 207-223 ) The Falmer Press: London.

Discovering Computer Dc 2005 (Website) scsite.com dc2005 Essay

Discovering Computer Dc 2005 (Website) scsite.com dc2005 - Essay Example The pages load quickly, making it ideal for time-conscious people. Their menu lists exactly what departments they have, and all the pictures shown display exactly what they have - there are no questions what they do not have since departments break everything up, and they only have four categories. The Campus virtual interview was informative, and gave me some things to look at when I interview. I went through it twice - once with the answers I would give, and the second time to give answers that were the complete opposite. I have to work on how confident I sound, how to rephrase certain skill levels, and how to focus on what direction I would like to take my career. There were ones that repeated a couple of times one was about criticism. The one I found difficult was leadership and management. While I haven't really had title of manager, there have been skills I have obtained which would make me a good mangaer. Leadership means different things to people/companies, and to answer that effectively for the company I am interviewing at, I would have to ask them for their definitions. One tip I found interesting and helpful was people always have to improve their skill level no matter what industry they are in.